从中石器时代到现代,Streptococcus mutans的基因组历史
Vincent F D F Thygesen1, Motahare Feizabadi Farahani2, Sofie Holtsmark Nielsen3
1Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Alle 20, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
Genome biology
|March 13, 2026
概括
古代DNA分析揭示了Streptococcus mutans在人类口腔微生物群中存在于8000多年前,早于农业. 这项研究提供了早期口腔细菌进化和扩张的分子证据.
科学领域:
- 古遗传学是古遗传学的一部分.
- 微生物进化 微生物进化
- 人类微生物组研究研究
背景情况:
- 突变性菌杆菌 (Streptococcus mutans) 是人类口腔微生物群中的一个关键的菌细菌.
- 之前的研究表明,S. mutans大约在1万年前随着农业的出现而扩大了人口.
- 古代DNA的直接分子证据是有限的.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用古老的DNA,研究Streptococcus mutans的进化历史和基因组多样性.
- 确定S. mutans在古代人类口腔微生物群中的存在和遗传位置.
- 识别随着时间的推移S. mutans的遗传变化,特别是与毒性因素相关的变化.
主要方法:
- 对25个古老的S. mutans基因组的种群基因组分析来自欧亚考古遗迹.
- 使用Gubbins进行重组纠正的基因组学分析.
- 使用MEGAHIT和CONCOCT.使用元基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 的恢复.
- 使用 anvi'o套件进行的古代和现代S. mutans分离物比较的泛基组分析.
主要成果:
- 古老的S. mutans基因组揭示了类似恒星的系系,表明早期的辐射.
- 古老的分离物属于现代S. mutans基因组多样性中的一个主要分类 (D).
- 参与氧气耐受性的mutanobactin操作子在古代样本中不存在,但存在于特定的现代子类.
- 在古代分离物中存在的特定功能基因被发现在现代菌株中消失了.
结论:
- 突变性菌株DNA在古代牙样本中保存良好.
- 在农业出现之前,S. mutans早已是人类口腔微生物群的一部分.
- 人口扩张和S. mutans的辐射可能比以前估计的要早得多,超过8,000年前.
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