牛奶和乳制品摄入量对老年人的认知功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析
Yessica Giraldo-Castrillon1, Juan Diego Mendoza2, Marianne Lopez-Cabrera1
1Masira Research Institute, Medical School, Universidad de Santander UDES, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Frontiers in aging
|March 13, 2026
概括
摄入乳制品可能有助于保持老年人的认知功能. 随机对照试验显示,对全球认知,记忆和处理速度有好处,特别是对于发酵和强化乳制品.
科学领域:
- 老年学和营养神经科学
- 公共卫生与老龄化问题
背景情况:
- 认知衰老是一个重大的全球公共卫生挑战.
- 富含营养和生物活性化合物的乳制品正在研究神经保护潜力.
- 了解乳制品消费与老年人认知健康之间的联系至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析牛奶和乳制品摄入量与60岁及以上个体的认知功能之间的关联.
- 评估随机对照试验 (RCT) 和观察性研究的证据.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed,Scopus,LILACS和谷歌学者数据库中进行系统搜索.
- 包括RCT和观察性研究,比较乳制品摄入量与60岁以上的成年人摄入量低或不摄入.
- 使用随机效应模型进行元分析;通过RoB 2.0,ROBINS-I和GRADE进行质量评估.
主要成果:
- 分析包括22项研究 (11项RCT,11项观察性).
- 实验室试验 (n=369) 对全球认知 (SMD=0.45),记忆和处理速度产生了显著的积极影响,特别是对于发酵/强化乳制品.
- 观察性研究 (n=5,302) 没有显示出显著的积极关联 (OR = 0.95).
结论:
- 乳制品摄入显示出作为支持老年人认知功能维护的营养策略的潜力.
- 这些发现对临床实践,公共卫生倡议和粮食政策都有影响.
- 进一步的研究可能会关注特定的乳制品类型及其对不同认知领域的影响.
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