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相关概念视频

Quantifying Work02:30

Quantifying Work

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As a system undergoes a change, its internal energy can change, and energy can be transferred from the system to the surroundings, or from the surroundings to the system.
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Compensation Mechanisms01:28

Compensation Mechanisms

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The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...
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Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs01:28

Maslow's Theory of Basic Human Needs

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Maslow's hierarchy is described with the help of a pyramidal shape. The most fundamental needs, physiological needs, are at the bottom of the pyramid.
Physiological needs such as hunger, thirst, sex, physical comfort, and survival are at the bottom of the pyramid. These are the components that are necessary to sustain life. Once the first level of needs has been met, the second level arises.
Safety needs include stability and predictability. Protection and freedom from danger are all a part...
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Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory01:27

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Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, introduced in 1943, is widely known as the "Hierarchy of Needs." This theory posits that human needs are arranged in a hierarchical structure, starting with basic survival needs and progressing toward more complex psychological and self-fulfillment desires. The hierarchy is typically a pyramid, and the lower needs must be satisfied to reach the next level.
At the pyramid's base are physiological needs, including food, water, and shelter...
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Social Exchange Theory01:26

Social Exchange Theory

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As formulated by John Thibaut and Harold Kelley, Social Exchange Theory explains human relationships as economic-like exchanges that maximize rewards and minimize costs. This theory suggests that individuals engage in relationships to gain benefits and reduce burdens, similar to economic transactions. It has been widely applied to various types of relationships, including romantic, professional, and social interactions.Rewards and Costs in RelationshipsRelationship rewards include emotional...
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Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

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We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
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评估"UBI Plus"干预:基于需要的WorkFREE分析

Joel Lazarus1, Sarath Davala2, Maria Franchi1

  • 1Department of Social and Policy Sciences, 3 East, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY UK.

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概括

全民基本收入加 (UBI Plus) 试点项目将现金转移与社会支持相结合. 这项研究发现,UBI Plus有效地解决了物质,心理和关系需求,倡导其在社会干预中使用.

关键词:
需要的需求.项目评估 项目评价全民基本收入是普遍的.

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科学领域:

  • 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
  • 经济学 经济学 经济学
  • 发展研究 发展研究 研究

背景情况:

  • 全民基本收入 (UBI) 试点项目正在扩大,但仅靠现金可能不足以实现转型.
  • UBI Plus 试点项目将无条件现金转移与额外的社会干预相结合.
  • 基于需求的方法对于评估全面的社会计划至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 评估印度的WorkFREE UBI Plus试点项目,使用混合方法,基于需求的方法.
  • 评估无条件现金转移与以需求为中心的会议相结合对参与者的福祉的影响.
  • 分析UBI Plus在满足人类基本需求方面的有效性.

主要方法:

  • 印度超过1400名贫民窟居民参与的WorkFREE UBI Plus试点 (2020-2024) 的混合方法评估.
  • 利用曼弗雷德·马克斯·尼夫 (Manfred Max-Neef) 的基本人类需求框架进行评估.
  • 结合了来自三个家庭调查的定量数据和来自两年参与者的定性数据.

主要成果:

  • UBI Plus 显示出协同效应,使参与者能够更好地满足物质,心理和关系需求.
  • 现金转账和"Plus会议"的结合在提高参与者的整体幸福感方面被证明是有效的.
  • 有证据表明,在促进全面的人类发展方面,UBI Plus比现金更有效.

结论:

  • UBI Plus试点在解决物质供给以外更广泛的人类需求方面显示出显著的希望.
  • 基于需求的框架对于设计和评估社会干预措施是有价值的.
  • 虽然UBI Plus承认其局限性,特别是在社会和性别差异方面,但它在减少贫困和社会发展方面的潜力需要倡导.