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低剂量的X射线诱导了人类外围血液淋巴细胞的遗传损伤

Laura Camila Villalba-Rondón¹, Laura Vélez-Lemus¹, William Jaramillo-Garzón²

¹Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja, Colombia.

Frontiers in genetics

|March 13, 2026

概括

低剂量X射线 (XR) 暴露会导致人类淋巴细胞的显著染色体损伤,包括数值和结构的改变. 这凸显了生物安全和监测的必要性,即使在低XR剂量下也是如此.

科学领域:

细胞遗传学细胞遗传学
辐射生物学辐射生物学
人类遗传学人类遗传学

背景情况:

人们广泛使用X射线 (XR),但其低剂量对健康的影响尚不清楚.
暴露于XR可以导致DNA损伤和染色体变化,可能导致疾病.
之前的研究缺乏XR诱导的细胞遗传损伤的详细特征.

研究的目的:

在人体淋巴细胞中表征染色体变异和遗传损伤的类型和频率,这些淋巴细胞在体外暴露于低X射线剂量 (94.33mGy) 的情况下.
为了确定特定的染色体和类型的变化最受低剂量XR暴露的影响.
评估生物安全和细胞遗传监测对XR暴露的相关性.

主要方法:

来自12名健康捐赠者的人体淋巴细胞在体外暴露于94.33mGy的X射线.
用GTG-banding细胞遗传学和细胞动能阻断微核 (MN) 试验来评估遗传损伤.
在照射和对照样本中分析了克隆和非克隆变化.

主要成果:

被辐射的样本显示染色体变化和脆弱部位的频率明显更高 (p ≤ 0.0093).
单体是最常见的数值变化,染色体8和21最受影响 (50%的样本).
结构性改变涉及11号,16号和17号染色体;MN频率显著增加 (p = 0.0214);女性的MN频率更高.

结论:

低剂量的X射线暴露会导致人类淋巴细胞中可检测的染色体损伤.
特定的染色体 (8,21,11,16,17) 和改变类型 (单体,删除) 特别敏感.
细胞遗传学监测和生物安全实践至关重要,即使对于传统上被认为是安全的剂量.

关键词:

染色体异常是一种染色体异常.遗传毒性遗传毒性遗传毒性低剂量辐射的辐射剂量很低.微核是微核中的一个.这是X射线.

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