在自闭症诊断后的最初五年内,职业治疗服务的种族和民族差异
Yu-Lun Chen1, Helen M Genova2, Claire M Marchetta3
1Center for Outcomes and Assessment Research, Kessler Foundation, West Orange, NJ, USA.
Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics
|March 13, 2026
概括
来自少数种族/少数民族的自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童在诊断后接受职业治疗 (OT) 的次数较少. 这表明在ASD儿童获得一致护理方面存在潜在的差异.
科学领域:
- 儿科健康 儿科健康
- 发育儿科 发育儿科
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
背景情况:
- 及时的职业治疗 (OT) 对患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的儿童至关重要.
- 少数民族的种族和民族群体可能会面临进入医疗保健服务的障碍,包括OT.
- 了解OT接入的差异对于公平的护理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 检查自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 儿童在职业治疗 (OT) 获得的种族和民族差异.
- 评估在ASD诊断后的前五年中OT使用情况.
主要方法:
- 来自大型儿科卫生系统 (2014-2019) 电子健康记录的回顾性分析.
- 包括2014年被诊断患有ASD的1181名儿童.
- 收集了关于OT访问,共患病诊断和健康的社会决定因素的数据.
主要成果:
- 没有观察到种族/族群之间接受OT的几率有显著差异.
- 来自少数种族/族裔背景的儿童获得的OT强度明显较低 (访问次数较少).
- 与非西班牙裔白人儿童相比,西班牙裔,黑人和亚洲/太平洋岛民儿童的OT访问次数较少.
结论:
- 少数种族/少数民族的儿童在ASD诊断后可能会经历职业治疗 (OT) 强度的减少.
- 潜在的障碍可能会阻碍这些儿童继续获得基本治疗服务.
- 调查结果强调需要解决ASD儿童获得医疗保健的系统不平等问题.
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