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相关概念视频

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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人类特异性的 lncRNAs 通过明显调节基因表达,为人类进化做出了关键贡献.

Jie Lin1,2, Yujian Wen1, Ji Tang1

  • 1Bioinformatics Section, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.

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概括

人类特有的长非编码RNAs (lncRNAs) 和它们的调控元素在人类进化过程中显著改变了基因表达. 这些变化促进了适应,大脑发育和人口差异, lncRNAs比转录因子更多地影响大脑.

关键词:
尼安德特人是什么意思 尼安德特人计算生物学是计算生物学.遗传学 遗传学 遗传学 是一个基因组学就是基因组学.人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类人类进化人类的进化.人类特异性的 lncRNA.长非编码RNA是什么意思系统生物学 系统生物学

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科学领域:

  • 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
  • 基因组学就是基因组学.
  • 分子生物学分子生物学

背景情况:

  • 人类进化以与猿类和古人类的遗传差异为标志,尽管基因组相似.
  • 之前的研究集中在蛋白质编码基因上,使长非编码RNA (lncRNAs) 的作用受到研究.
  • lncRNAs是基因表达的关键调节者,在进化过程中发挥着重要作用.

研究的目的:

  • 识别人类特异性 (HS) lncRNA及其DNA结合位点 (DBS).
  • 研究HS lncRNAs及其DBSs对人类进化过程中的基因表达的影响.
  • 为了比较HS lncRNAs与HS转录因子 (TFs) 对基因表达的调控影响.

主要方法:

  • 从GENCODE的人类 lncRNA注释中识别了HS lncRNAs.
  • 对HS lncRNAs的预测DNA结合域 (DBDs) 和DBSs.
  • 在现代人类,古人类和黑猩猩中分析了DBS序列.
  • 检查了由HS lncRNA及其DBSs影响的基因表达变化.
  • 将HS lncRNA效应与HS TF对GTEx组织基因表达的影响进行比较.

主要成果:

  • 在人类进化过程中,HS lncRNAs及其DBSs显著重塑了基因表达.
  • 这种重塑促进了适应新的环境和生活方式.
  • HS lncRNAs促进了大脑的进化,并导致了跨种群的遗传差异.
  • 与HS TFs相比,HS lncRNAs对大脑基因表达产生了更大的影响.

结论:

  • HS lncRNAs是人类进化变化的关键驱动力,特别是在大脑发育中.
  • lncRNA及其调节元件的不断演变塑造了不同的人类表型.
  • 了解lncRNA进化为人类适应和认知进化提供了洞察力.