超越电网:在非正式的定居点中导航供水和卫生服务生态系统
Ana Casas1, Paul Hutchings2, Andrew R Bell3
1School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|March 13, 2026
概括
数以百万计的非正式定居点使用多种,移动的水和环境卫生服务. 这种"服务生态系统"往往是政策制定者看不见的,阻碍了改善基本服务的努力.
科学领域:
- 城市规划和发展.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
背景情况:
- 城市非正式定居点在获得可靠的水和卫生服务方面面临重大挑战.
- 居民通常依靠多个,分散和不安全的服务提供商来满足他们的需求.
研究的目的:
- 记录城市非正式定居点供水和卫生服务获取的变化和活力.
- 引入和应用"服务生态系统"的概念,以了解这些访问模式.
- 在正式监测框架内突出这些服务生态系统的不可读性.
主要方法:
- 利用来自肯尼亚,秘鲁和南非三个非正式定居点的高频纵向调查数据.
- 在为期一年的研究期间,分析了更换主要所和水源的模式.
- 应用詹姆斯·C·斯科特的可读性理论来评估服务生态系统的可见性.
主要成果:
- 62-73%的受访者改变了他们的主要所设施,10-27%使用了五个或更多不同的设施.
- 在供水接入方面也观察到类似的变化,拥挤和故障等干扰导致了服务流失.
- 服务生态系统的特点是同时和转移的多服务使用,在很大程度上是无法阅读的传统监控.
结论:
- 在非正式的定居点中,水和卫生设施的动态性质创造了一个"服务生态系统",而这个"服务生态系统"往往被正式的系统所忽视.
- 这种不可读性导致信息短缺,阻碍了改善服务的有效政策和实践.
- 承认和支持多样化,多余的服务系统至关重要,直到更广泛的结构改革能够解决潜在的挑战.
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