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相关概念视频

Cartesian Form for Vector Formulation01:26

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The Cartesian form for vector formulation is a process to calculate  the moment of force using the position and force vectors. The moment of force is defined as the cross-product of these vectors, making it a vector quantity. The Cartesian form of the position and force vectors involves unit vectors, which can be used to express the cross-product in determinant form.
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Average and Instantaneous Velocity Vectors01:12

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To calculate other physical quantities in kinematics, the time variable must be introduced. The time variable not only allows us to state where an object is (its position) during its motion, but also how fast it’s moving. The speed at which an object is moving is given by the rate at which the position changes with time. For each position, a particular time is assigned. If the details of the motion at each instant are not important, the rate is usually expressed as the average velocity v.
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Vectors are usually described in terms of their components in a coordinate system. Even in everyday life, we naturally invoke the concept of orthogonal projections in a rectangular coordinate system. For example, if someone gives you directions for a particular location, you will be told to go a few km in a direction like east, west, north, or south, along with the angle in which you are supposed to move. In a rectangular (Cartesian) xy-coordinate system in a plane, a point in a plane is...
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Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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To define some physical quantities, there is a need to specify both magnitude as well as direction. For example, when the U.S. Coast Guard dispatches a ship or a helicopter for a rescue mission, the rescue team needs to know not only the distance to the distress signal, but also the direction from which the signal is coming, so that they can get to it as quickly as possible. Physical quantities specified completely with a number of units (magnitude) and a direction are called vector quantities.
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矢量场作为模拟商品流动性的框架.

Sima Farokhnejad1, Angélica S da Mata2, Mariana Macedo3,4,5

  • 1Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, United Kingdom.

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此摘要是机器生成的。

本研究引入了一种新的载体场方法来建模商品流动,有效地处理稀疏的数据,以改善疾病监测和贸易分析. 这种方法保持了一般的流动方向,即使有显著的数据损失.

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科学领域:

  • 空间分析是一种空间分析.
  • 网络科学 网络科学
  • 流行病学 流行病学

背景情况:

  • 商品贸易数据往往稀少,不完整,而且收集成本高,阻碍了对全球供应链的全面分析.
  • 传统的起源-目的地 (OD) 矩阵省略了未被观察到的位置,造成数据空白,并限制了代表性不足的地区的移动模式的表征.
  • 准确的商品流动建模,就像牛贸易一样,对于疾病监测 (例如口疫) 和经济稳定至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 开发和验证一种基于矢量场的方法,使用不完整的原产地-目的地 (OD) 数据来建模商品流.
  • 加强对商品流动的空间和时间模式的描述,特别是在代表性不足的地区.
  • 通过精确地从稀疏的数据集推断流动模式来改进疾病传播建模和监测.

主要方法:

  • 将OD矩阵转换为连续向量场,以全面表示空间流动模式.
  • 采用插值技术有效处理不完整和稀疏的商品贸易数据集.
  • 将矢量场框架应用于巴西Minas Gerais的牛贸易数据,以分析移动动态.

主要成果:

  • 矢量场方法比传统的网络方法更有效地捕捉空间流动模式和移动方向.
  • 该方法在不完整的数据中显示出稳定性;超过三分之一的区域保持了流动方向准确性 (<15度偏差),即使在853个区域中删除了500个区域.
  • 对牛贸易数据的分析揭示了明显的空间集群,时间流动模式和与繁殖,屠宰和市场需求相关的季节性变化.

结论:

  • 开发的矢量场框架为从不完整和稀疏的数据集推断商品流动模式提供了强大的解决方案,优于传统方法.
  • 这种方法显著提高了在代表性不足的地区进行空间分析的能力,这对于疾病传播建模等应用至关重要.
  • 该研究促进了对大规模商品贸易动态的理解,并为改善动物卫生监督和经济准备提供了有价值的工具.