在露天采矿中全面提高爆破性能和抑制灰尘,使用改性泥石飞地质聚合物干材料
Xiaohua Ding1, Yuansong Wang2, Zhihao Shi1
1School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
Scientific reports
|March 14, 2026
概括
一种由回收钻井切片和飞灰制成的新型地质聚合物支柱材料,有效地抑制开采煤矿的源头尘埃. 这种可持续的解决方案提高了喷射效率,并减少了对环境的影响.
科学领域:
- 材料科学 材料科学 材料科学
- 采矿工程 采矿工程 采矿工程
- 环境科学 环境科学
背景情况:
- 传统的喷水用于在露天煤矿中抑制灰尘是昂贵和低效的.
- 现有的方法具有短期的有效性和高的运营费用.
- 在草原采矿地区,严重的尘埃污染给环境和健康带来了重大风险.
研究的目的:
- 为开放式煤矿开发一个可持续的,源控制的除尘策略.
- 使用固体废物创建一个修改的泥石飞灰地质聚合物支柱材料.
- 为了研究地质聚合物在优化爆炸能量和在爆炸过程中抑制尘埃的有效性.
主要方法:
- 利用钻井切片和飞灰作为地质聚合物合成的前体.
- 采用酸激活快速定位工艺进行材料开发.
- 进行了机械测试,SEM,XRD,EDS和光滑粒子水力学 (SPH) 模拟.
- 进行了实地试验,以评估实际采矿条件下的性能.
主要成果:
- 优化的地质聚合物配方在30分钟内实现了良好的流动性和快速定位.
- 与现场泥石相比,它表现出优越的性和峰值应力.
- 微结构分析证实了密集和稳定的地质聚合物矩阵.
- SPH模拟确定了2.5米的最佳长.
- 现场试验显示,峰值尘埃度降低了40%,振动速度下降.
结论:
- 开发的地质聚合物支柱材料为传统的喷水提供了有效的替代方案.
- 它可以过渡到爆炸式活性固化控制以抑制灰尘.
- 提供一个绿色,成本效益和持久的解决方案,用于草原露天煤矿的爆破优化.
- 提高爆炸能量利用率,同时在源头抑制尘埃.
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