通过泛基因组学访问作物遗传多样性
Tessa R MacNish1,2, Venkataramana Kopalli3, Silvia F Zanini3
1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
概括
泛基体捕捉作物的遗传多样性,揭示了对农学重要特征至关重要的结构变异 (SV). 这有助于通过泛基因组辅助育种和基因组编辑改善作物,提高作物的弹性和产量.
科学领域:
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 农作物科学 农作物科学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 插入和删除等结构变异 (SV) 对作物遗传多样性和特征进化至关重要.
- 泛基因组包括多个个体的基因组,提供了比单个参考更全面的物种多样性的观点.
- 测序技术的进步使得SV分析和泛基因组构造变得更加可行和具有成本效益.
研究的目的:
- 突出作物泛基因组学在理解和利用遗传多样性的重要性.
- 探索泛基因组在作物改进战略中的应用,包括泛基因组辅助育种 (PAB) 和基因组编辑.
- 介绍泛表观遗传学新兴领域及其在作物研究中的补充作用.
主要方法:
- 比较基因组学用于识别多种作物个体的结构变异 (SV).
- 泛基因组构造集成多种基因组以代表全物种的遗传变异.
- 关联研究将SVs和其他遗传标记在泛基内与农业学重要特征联系起来.
主要成果:
- 泛列体显示出广泛的遗传多样性,包括SVs,对于作物适应和特征变异至关重要.
- 基于泛基因组的标记物 (SV,SNP) 可以在泛基因组辅助繁殖 (PAB) 中有效地用于特征关联.
- 基因组编辑工具可以利用泛基因组信息来引入或修改农业学上重要的SVs.
结论:
- 农作物泛基因组学为捕获和利用遗传多样性提供了一个强大的框架,以加速作物改进.
- 泛基因组辅助育种和基因组编辑,以全面的泛基因组数据为基础,提供创新的方法来增强作物特征.
- 将泛表观基因组学与泛基因组学相结合,将进一步加深我们对农作物的基因调节和特征变异的理解.
相关概念视频
02:54Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons
7.2K
Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
7.2K
01:29Modern Molecular Taxonomy
815
Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
815
02:02Genomics
41.4K
Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
41.4K
02:39Gene Flow
38.7K
Gene flow is the transfer of genes among populations, resulting from either the dispersal of gametes or from the migration of individuals.
38.7K
01:25What is Population Genetics?
65.3K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
65.3K
02:05Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?
8.3K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
In contrast, regions which code...
8.3K