古代小麦的可加工性为新的价值链和农业食品生物多样性
Francesca Nocente1, Diana DeSantis2, Marta Naso1
1CREA Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-Food Processing, Via Manziana 30, 00189 Rome, Italy.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 14, 2026
概括
古代的小麦品种,尽管产量较低,为手工食品提供独特的品质. 加工策略可以提高他们的面包和意大利面的潜力,支持当地食品系统.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 食品科学 食品科学 食品科学
- 材料科学 是一种材料科学.
背景情况:
- 现代小麦育种在密集型农业系统中优先考虑高产量.
- 古老的小麦品种正在有机和当地食品市场上获得引力,因为它们的弹性和适合于手工加工.
- 这些遗产谷物提供独特的文化身份和加工优势,尽管产量一般较低,营养优势未被证明.
研究的目的:
- 评估古代小麦粉和小麦粉的物理化学,学和技术特性.
- 从古老的常见, durum 和 Khorasan 小麦品种开发手工面包和意大利面.
- 确定最优的加工策略,以便在增值食品中利用古代小麦.
主要方法:
- 石头磨旧常见, durum 和 Khorasan 小麦,以生产面粉和semolato.
- 物理化学和风湿学性质的分析,包括蛋白质含量和质质量 (质指数,管仪W).
- 使用预凝化和发酵技术开发和优化面包原型,以及意大利面生产.
主要成果:
- 古老的小麦品种表现出高蛋白质含量 (10.915.9% DM),但通常质量较差的质 (质指数<30%,Alveograph W <60 × 10-4 J).
- 常见小麦品种Autonomia B和Rano Solina显示出最好的面包制造潜力.
- 优化加工显著改善了面包质量 (碎片结构,软度,感官接受度) 和意大利面特征 (质量,感官吸引力),霍拉桑小麦在意大利面接受度方面得分高.
结论:
- 适当的加工技术,如优化发酵和前凝化,可以有效地提高古代小麦品种的技术和感官属性.
- 古代小麦面粉对于手工面包和意大利面生产具有重大潜力,有助于产品的差异化.
- 这项研究支持将古代小麦整合到短价值链中,促进可持续农业和多样化的食品供应.
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