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坚持基于植物的饮食模式和消化系统癌症:一个范围广泛的审查
Alejandro Oncina-Cánovas1,2,3, Luis Cabañas-Alite4, Iris Comino5
1Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL), Departamento de Salud Pública, Hª de la Ciencia y Ginecología, Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03010 Alicante, Spain.
坚持高质量的植物性饮食 (PBD),富含全食,与消化系统癌症的风险降低有关. 相反,高含精制或超加工植物产品的饮食可能会增加癌症风险.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 消化系统癌症对全球健康构成重大负担.
- 饮食是癌症病因学的关键可修改的危险因素.
- 了解植物性饮食在预防消化道癌症中的作用至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对证据进行范围审查,将植物性饮食模式与消化系统癌症风险联系起来.
- 探索不同类型的PBDs对各种消化道癌症的影响.
主要方法:
- 从2020年1月到2025年5月,对主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,EMBASE,Web of Science) 进行系统搜索.
- 包括PBD和消化道癌症的观察性研究和临床试验.
- 使用各种PBD指数的研究分析,如植物性饮食指数 (PDI),健康 (hPDI) 和不健康 (uPDI).
主要成果:
- 包括24项研究,主要是队列研究和病例控制研究.
- 健康的PBD显示出对结肠直肠,胰腺,肝脏,食道,胃和喉癌的保护性关联.
- 不健康的PBD,以精制或超加工植物食品为特征,与风险增加有关.
结论:
- 基于植物的饮食模式的质量对于消化系统癌症风险至关重要.
- 强调整体,最小加工植物性食品的饮食提供了保护.
- 为了提高研究可比性,需要对PBD指数进行标准化.
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