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在肥胖和糖尿病前期的个性化营养:基因型是否重要?
Magdalena Bossowska1, Filip Bossowski1, Edyta Adamska-Patruno2
1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland.
Nutrients
|March 14, 2026
概括
基因-饮食相互作用影响肥胖和糖尿病前期风险. 个性化营养,将一般饮食建议与基因型特定策略相结合,为高风险个体提供了最大的风险降低.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 遗传学 遗传学 是一个
- 代谢健康 代谢健康
背景情况:
- 肥胖和糖尿病前期是全球重要的健康挑战.
- 基因-饮食相互作用在心脏代谢风险中起着至关重要的作用.
- 了解这些相互作用是个性化预防策略的关键.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查有关肥胖或糖尿病前期成人基因饮食相互作用的证据.
- 评估饮食模式 (地中海,DASH),宏观营养素质量和能量限制的影响.
- 评估基因饮食相互作用的单变体和多基因评分方法.
主要方法:
- 在PubMed的系统文献搜索中,查找过去5年内发表的英语论文.
- 纳入标准要求对基因饮食相互作用和相关心脏代谢终点进行明确的统计测试.
- 只有不到200项研究被保留用于分析.
主要成果:
- 一般建议包括限制和脂肪和优先考虑碳水化合物质量,具有显著的基因型依赖的变化.
- 健康的饮食模式显示,高多基因风险分数的个体的风险降低,但低风险组的益处有限.
- 特定的基因变异 (TCF7L2,APOA2) 证明了基因型特异性对宏观营养素和饮食抗氧化剂的反应,影响内脏脂肪和炎症.
结论:
- 虽然一些饮食变化 (例如,抗炎药物替代) 对生物标志物普遍有益,但基因型信息化的营养在高风险人群中提供了最实质性的风险降低.
- 临床实践应将一般饮食指南与针对性,基因型特定的营养策略相结合.
- 未来的研究需要预先注册,基因型分层试验和本地训练的多基因分数,以解释不同的祖先和遗传结构.
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