控制对记忆的影响中的发展多样性.
Zhuolei Ding1,2, Yuling Yan3,4, Shudong Zhang2
1School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China.
Developmental science
|March 14, 2026
概括
对学习的控制显著影响儿童的记忆发展. 高后果控制可以促进即时和延迟回忆,而感知控制有助于延迟回忆,揭示了各种发展效应.
科学领域:
- 认知发展 认知发展
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 对学习的控制因其增强记忆的特性而得到认可.
- 学习控制对记忆的发展影响报告不一致,可能是由于控制类型和水平的变化.
- 了解这些细微差别对于优化不同年龄组的学习策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同形式的控制 - - 高后果,部分后果和感知控制 - - 如何影响6至14岁儿童和青少年的记忆.
- 为了澄清不同程度和类型的控制下增强记忆的发展轨迹.
- 探索不同类型的控制对整个发育过程中的记忆的影响背后的独特机制.
主要方法:
- 三项实验与393名儿童和青少年 (6-14岁) 进行.
- 实验1涉及高后果控制 (调节研究顺序,频率,持续时间).
- 实验2使用了部分后果控制 (调节顺序,频率),而实验3涉及感知控制 (在没有先前内容知识的情况下确定顺序).
主要成果:
- 高后果控制显著增强了即时和延迟的记忆,在7-8岁左右出现了好处.
- 部分后果控制没有产生显著的记忆益处,但显示了与年龄相关的改善趋势.
- 感知控制对即时记忆没有益处,但增强了延迟记忆,影响在7-8岁左右出现.
- 控制的程度和类型显著影响了记忆增强的发展轨迹和时间 (即时与延迟).
结论:
- 该研究强调了控制如何影响记忆的发育多样性,根据控制的类型和程度产生不同的影响.
- 高后果控制表明,在整个发育过程中,对记忆有强大的益处,比感知控制更早出现.
- 研究结果表明,在整个发育过程中运行着不同的控制机制,不同的影响即时和延迟记忆.
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