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农场类型对乳牛和猪抗菌剂使用的影响:基于瑞士报告数据的比较研究

Lena Fleischer¹, Jens Becker², Dolf Kümmerlen¹

¹University of Zurich, Department for Farm Animals, Division of Swine Medicine, Vetsuisse-Faculty, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich 8057, Switzerland.

Preventive veterinary medicine

|March 14, 2026

概括

与专业农场相比,混合农场在奶牛中使用的抗微生物药物 (AMU) 较高,但在加工猪中使用的AMU较低. 群体大小没有影响AMU,这表明物种和管理实践是关键因素. 需要进一步的研究来确认具体的原因.

科学领域:

兽医医学兽医医学兽医医学
动物科学动物科学
公共卫生公共卫生

背景情况:

抗菌素耐药性 (AMR) 对人类健康构成重大威胁.
在牲畜中频繁使用抗微生物药物 (AMU) 是AMR的主要原因之一.
确定影响畜牧业AMU的因素对于有效的减少策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

为了比较在瑞士的专业单一物种养殖场和混合物种养殖场的乳牛和完成猪的抗菌药物使用 (AMU).
调查农场类型,群体规模和AMU水平之间的关系.
确定影响畜牧业AMU模式的潜在因素.

主要方法:

利用瑞士报告系统的数据,根据定义每日剂量 (DDD) 计算治疗发生率 (TI).
计算的TI在农场层面 (TI_F) 和人口层面 (TI_P) 乳牛和完成猪.
专业农场和两种物种的混合农场之间的AMU比较.

主要成果:

与专业化农场相比,混合农场对乳牛的AMU显著增加 (中位数TI_F:5.6对4.9 DDD/母牛/年),对完成猪的AMU显著减少 (中位数TI_F:0.0对0.1 DDD/完成者/年).
群体规模与AMU水平在生产类型或农场类别中都没有相关性.
在专业化和混合型农场类型之间没有观察到牲畜规模的实质差异.

结论:

农场类型,特别是单个或多个物种的住房,显著影响牲畜中抗菌素使用模式.
管理实践,可能与动物监测相关,可能在AMU差异中发挥关键作用.
需要对特定的农场级管理和养殖实践进行进一步的调查,以阐明观察到的AMU变化的精确驱动因素.

关键词:

抗微生物药物基准测试的使用方法这是ABV ABV.畜牧业畜牧业畜牧业畜牧业瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞士治疗发生率治疗发生率

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