对异常肝脏生化检测结果的评估
Paul Y Kwo1, Howard C Masuoka2, Esperance A Schaefer3
1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Medicine, Palo Alto, CA.
Gastroenterology
|March 14, 2026
概括
肝检测如ALT和AST检测肝损伤,而其他检测肝功能和纤维化. 评估包括病史,检查和成像,指导各种肝脏疾病的诊断和预后.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 临床生物化学 临床生物化学
- 诊断医学 诊断医学
背景情况:
- 肝脏生物化学和功能测试对于查和识别急性和慢性肝病至关重要.
- 氨酸氨基转移酶 (ALT) 和酸氨基转移酶 (AST) 的升高表明肝细胞损伤.
- 性酸酶的升高表明胆固醇,而白蛋白,前血时间和胆红素反映了肝功能.
研究的目的:
- 提供关于肝检测在诊断和管理肝病中的作用和解释的全面概述.
- 突出各种肝检测,成像和非侵入性标记物的诊断效用.
- 讨论肝脏活检在当前诊断领域不断变化的作用.
主要方法:
- 肝脏生物化学测试的审查,包括ALT,AST,性酸酶,胆红素,前血时间和专蛋白.
- 在评估过程中纳入患者病史,体检和腹部成像.
- 利用弹性学和纤维化指数 (例如,纤维化-4,AST与血小板的比率) 来评估纤维化和肥胖症.
主要成果:
- 肝检测有助于区分肝细胞与胆固醇损伤,并评估肝功能.
- 腹部成像和弹性图谱提供了有关肝脏的形态和结构信息.
- 纤维化指数和专有测试为纤维化估计提供了非侵入性方法.
- 肝检测在预后评估中很有价值,特别是在肝硬化和与代谢功能障碍相关的脂肪性肝病 (MASLD) 中.
结论:
- 肝脏检查对于诊断,分期和监测肝脏疾病至关重要.
- 结合生物化学测试,成像和非侵入性标记物的多方面的方法对于全面的肝病评估至关重要.
- 随着非侵入性诊断工具的进步,肝活检的作用正在减少.
相关概念视频
01:22Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test
248
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
248
01:30Serum Laboratory Studies, Stool Test, Breath Test
1.0K
Gastrointestinal (GI) diagnostic studies are pivotal in confirming, ruling out, diagnosing, or staging various diseases, including cancers. Following diagnosis, allocating time for discussions with the patient and providing informational resources is crucial. Diagnostic assessments of the GI tract often occur in outpatient settings like endoscopy suites or GI labs. Preparation for these tests may include dietary restrictions, fasting, liquid bowel preparations, laxatives, enemas, and the...
1.0K
01:26Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Drug Dosing and Hepatic Blood Flow
312
Chronic liver disease significantly impacts drug metabolism due to alterations in hepatic blood flow and enzyme accessibility. This disruption affects the body's pharmacokinetics—the movement and processing of drugs within the system. Key enzymes crucial for metabolizing medications become less accessible, changing how drugs are processed and utilized. Furthermore, liver disease influences the synthesis of plasma proteins, such as albumin and globulins, which play critical roles in drug...
312
01:30Liver Physiology
4.1K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of 70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
4.1K
01:29Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
2.0K
Urinalysis is a widely used diagnostic test that analyzes urine's physical, chemical, and microscopic characteristics. Healthcare providers use it to detect and monitor various health conditions, including renal disease, urinary tract infections (UTIs), diabetes, and metabolic or systemic disorders.Components of UrinalysisUrinalysis consists of three primary components: physical, chemical, and microscopic examination. Each provides unique insights into the urine sample and, by extension, the...
2.0K
01:24Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests
576
Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
576