基于mRNA的COVID-19疫苗接种和儿童群体自身免疫疾病的风险
Mounika Polavarapu1, Shipra Singh1, Deepa Mukundan2
1Department of Population Health, The University of Toledo, 2801 W Bancroft St, Toledo, Ohio, USA.
Annals of epidemiology
|March 14, 2026
概括
接种COVID-19疫苗与儿童自身免疫性疾病风险降低有关. 这种保护性关联甚至适用于以前感染了SARS-CoV-2的儿童.
科学领域:
- 儿科自身免疫 儿科自身免疫
- 疫苗安全研究 疫苗安全研究
- 传染病流行病学 传染病流行病学
背景情况:
- 几十年来,假设将疫苗与自身免疫性疾病联系在一起,但对于常规儿童疫苗缺乏一致的流行病学支持.
- mRNA COVID-19 疫苗的出现促使对潜在的自身免疫风险进行了新的调查,考虑了诸如分子模仿和免疫过度激活等机制.
研究的目的:
- 评估COVID-19疫苗接种与儿童自身免疫性疾病风险之间的关联.
- 探索之前的SARS-CoV-2感染对这种关联的影响.
主要方法:
- 追溯匹配队列研究分析了2016-2024年儿童 (0-21岁) 自免疫性疾病发病率趋势.
- 将接种疫苗的儿童与未接种疫苗的儿童进行比较,包括根据之前的SARS-CoV-2感染状况分层分析,使用2020年4月至2025年4月的数据.
- 利用考克斯的比例危险模型估计自身免疫诊断的危险比率在队列进入后的180天内.
主要成果:
- 儿童自身免疫疾病的发病率显示,从2021年开始的趋势越来越大.
- 与未接种疫苗的儿童相比,接种COVID-19疫苗的儿童患自身免疫性疾病的风险明显较低 (HR=0.387).
- 疫苗接种证明了在患有之前SARS-CoV-2感染的儿童中对自身免疫性疾病的保护作用 (HR=0.690).
结论:
- 接种COVID-19疫苗与儿童群体发生自身免疫性疾病的风险降低有关.
- 针对自身免疫性疾病的COVID-19疫苗接种的保护作用甚至在有SARS-CoV-2感染史的儿童中也被观察到.
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