在工作中依赖人工智能减少了自我效能,所有权和意义,而积极的协作减轻了影响
Elena Hayoung Lee1, Yidan Yin2, Nan Jia3
1Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA. Elena.Lee@marshall.usc.edu.
Scientific reports
|March 16, 2026
概括
人工智能 (AI) 的使用方式很重要. 被动的人工智能使用损害了工人的自我效能和意义,而积极的协作保留了这些关键元素,影响了工作满意度.
科学领域:
- 人与计算机的交互
- 组织心理学 组织心理学
- 工作场所技术 工作场所技术
背景情况:
- 人工智能 (AI) 提供了显著的生产力增长,但引起了人们对其对人与工作关系的影响的担忧.
- 与工业化的历史相似之处凸显了技术进步对工作联系和意义的潜在威胁.
- 人工智能影响的关键因素不是它的存在,而是它融入工作流程的方式.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同的人工智能利用方式如何影响工人的自我效能,所有权感和感知到的工作意义.
- 为了比较被动人工智能使用 (复制人工智能输出) 与积极人工智能协作 (人类-人工智能起草) 的心理结果.
- 评估人工智能使用模式对工人与他们的任务心理联系的长期影响.
主要方法:
- 进行了预先注册的实验 (N=269) 和后续调查 (N=270).
- 参与者在三个条件下从事职业特定的写作任务:没有AI,被动使用AI或积极合作AI.
- 一项补充的现实世界调查检查了AI在各种非写作任务中的影响.
主要成果:
- 被动人工智能使用显著降低了自我效能,心理所有权和工作意义,并产生持久的负面影响.
- 积极的AI协作保持了与任务的心理联系,产生了与独立工作相当的结果.
- 从被动人工智能使用开始的满意度提升在返回手工工作时被逆转.
结论:
- 人工智能的心理影响取决于它与人类工作流程的整合.
- 强调积极,协作性人工智能使用的策略可以利用生产率的好处,同时保护工人的代理,能力和工作联系.
- 了解和实施适当的AI集成对于保持员工福祉和参与度至关重要.
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