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大型语言模型揭示了美国国会气候反对言论的增加

Travis G Coan¹, Ranadheer Malla¹, Mirjam O Nanko¹

¹Centre for Climate Communication and Data Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.

Communications sustainability

|March 16, 2026

概括

美国国会的演讲显示,气候变化反对派日益增多,特别是对气候解决方案成本的批评. 共和党人比民主党人更有可能表达这些担忧,受人口结构和当地化石燃料就业的影响.

科学领域:

环境政策分析环境政策分析
政治沟通是政治沟通.
计算语言学计算语言学

背景情况:

美国国会对气候变化的阻碍已经阻碍了国家和全球的气候行动.
了解相反观点的性质和普遍性对于有效的气候政策至关重要.
国会话语显著影响气候政策的制定和公众的看法.

研究的目的:

开发一个可扩展的大型语言模型 (LLM) 用于对美国国会演讲中的气候反抗主义进行分类.
系统地分析1994年至2023年在国会内提出的特定类型的相反索赔.
确定美国国会气候反对言论的趋势和预测因素.

主要方法:

开发和应用大型语言模型 (LLM) 用于自动分类气候反对言论.
对1994年至2023年美国国会演讲的综合数据集的分析.
统计建模以检查政治归属,人口统计,化石燃料就业和相反的说法之间的关系.

主要成果:

越来越多的国会演讲集中在批评与气候解决方案相关的成本上.
共和党国会议员比民主党人提出气候与气候相反的说法的可能性大约是民主党人的12倍.
人口因素和地区级化石燃料就业是 floor 演讲中相反的主张的重要预测因素.

结论:

美国国会话语中的气候反论正在演变,特别关注反对气候行动的经济论点.
政治两极分化严重影响了气候反对观点的表达,共和党人主导了这一话语.
地区层面的社会经济因素与气候反对言论的普遍性相关,突出了政策和当地利益之间的相互作用.

关键词:

政治与国际关系政治与国际关系社会学社会学社会学

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