发酵食品消费,所有原因和特定原因死亡率:对前性队列研究的元分析
Antonia Matalas1, Demosthenes Panagiotakos1, Anthony Fardet2
1Department of Nutrition - Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Frontiers in nutrition
|March 16, 2026
概括
这项元分析发现,食用巧克力,奶酪和酸奶等发酵乳制品与所有原因和心血管疾病死亡率的风险降低有关. 发酵牛奶也显示出对癌症死亡率的保护作用.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 发酵食品在全球范围内被消费,并提供生物活性化合物和微生物代谢产物.
- 饮食模式显著影响全球营养和慢性疾病风险.
- 了解特定食物群对死亡率的影响对于公共卫生至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 对前性队列研究进行元分析,评估发酵食品和非酒精饮料消费与死亡风险之间的关联.
- 根据发酵食品摄入量,评估健康成年人全因死亡率和特定原因死亡率 (心血管疾病,癌症) 的风险.
主要方法:
- 在三个数据库中系统地搜索相关的前性队列研究.
- 包括50个队列研究中的300多万参与者.
- 对完全调整的风险估计进行了随机效应元分析,比较了最高和最低摄入类别.
主要成果:
- 更高的巧克力,奶酪和发酵牛奶 (包括酸奶) 消费量与全因和心血管疾病 (CVD) 死亡率的降低有关.
- 消费发酵牛奶表明与癌症死亡率有保护性关联.
- 在米索或面包消费与死亡风险之间没有发现显著的关联.
结论:
- 这一元分析是第一个全面将发酵食品摄入量与死亡风险联系起来的.
- 研究结果表明,特定的发酵食品 (牛奶,奶酪,巧克力) 提供了对所有原因和心血管疾病死亡率的保护.
- 潜在的机制包括生物活性,多和影响肠道微生物群和血管功能的微生物代谢物.
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