病原体获取和利益共享:世卫组织的流行病协议能否弥合公平差距?
Long Chen1,2
1Guanghua Law School, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China.
China CDC weekly
|March 16, 2026
概括
新的世界卫生组织流行病协议制度化了全球卫生安全,建立了病原体获取和利益共享系统,以实现公平获取. 然而,由于模糊性和卫生系统整合不发达,实施面临风险.
科学领域:
- 全球卫生治理全球卫生治理
- 国际法 国际法 国际法
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
背景情况:
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 于2025年5月通过的"流行病协定"在全球流行病防控和应对方面迈出了一大步.
- 该协议强调了全球卫生安全中的公平,团结和人权.
- 它引入了病原体获取和利益共享 (PABS) 系统,以确保公平获得与流行病相关的健康产品 (PRHP).
研究的目的:
- 分析与世卫组织流行病协议相关的操作模两可和实施风险.
- 评估PABS系统在现有卫生系统弹性框架中的整合情况.
- 确定阻碍协议有效性的关键差距,并提出未来发展的领域.
主要方法:
- 世卫组织全球流行病协议文本的政策分析.
- 审查现有的多边框架 (例如,生物多样性公约,名古屋议定书).
- 通过对条款的批判性评估,识别实施挑战和潜在风险.
主要成果:
- 在病原体范围,传统知识整合和制造商义务方面存在重大操作模两可.
- 该协议与更广泛的卫生系统弹性之间的联系是不发达的,PABS集成的具体规定有限.
- 发现的关键缺口包括融资,合规机制,One Health整合,数字治理,社区参与和与更广泛的卫生系统保持一致.
结论:
- 世卫组织流行病协议的有效性取决于解决已确定的模两可和关键差距.
- 通过后续议定书进一步发展和持续的政治承诺对于成功实施至关重要.
- 加强卫生系统的性,解决融资和合规问题对于实现协议的全球卫生安全和公平的目标至关重要.
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