Monique Messaggi-Sartor1, Anna Guillén-Solà2,3, David Blanco1

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya.

本项回顾性研究旨在识别轻度卒中后早期吞咽困难的最佳鉴别因素。我们对连续纳入的首次发病亚急性卒中患者前瞻性收集的常规临床数据进行了回顾性分析。研究纳入140例年龄大于18岁的首次发病亚急性卒中患者,发病时间在3周内,伴有偏瘫,且简易精神状态检查(MMSE)评分大于24分,患者均来自住院康复科。吞咽困难通过容积-黏度吞咽试验和视频透视吞咽检查进行评估,吞咽功能采用渗透-误吸量表(Penetration-Aspiration Scale)进行评价。主要观察指标包括最大吸气压和最大呼气压(MIP和MEP,用于评估呼吸肌力量)、峰值呼气咳嗽流量(PECF,用于评估咳嗽功能)以及躯干控制测试(Trunk Control Test)用于评估躯干控制能力。研究发现患者存在呼吸肌无力和咳嗽功能受损(MIP 55.5 ± 23.4 cmH2O;MEP 84.5 ± 33.9 cmH2O;PECF 244.9 ± 87.5 L/min);但未观察到躯干控制功能缺陷。30例患者(26.3%)存在吞咽困难,这些患者年龄较大,且PECF较低(215.0 ± 85.8 vs. 255.6 ± 90.3 L/min;P = 0.02)。多变量分析显示,仅年龄可独立预测吞咽困难[比值比1.09,95%置信区间(CI):1.03–1.16;P = 0.03];受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.717(95% CI:0.613–0.821;P < 0.001),以64.5岁为截断值。在卒中早期患者中,吞咽困难主要与年龄较大相关,而呼吸肌力量、咳嗽功能和躯干控制能力——尽管常有受损——并非独立预测因素。约65岁的年龄阈值对是否存在吞咽困难具有最佳鉴别效能。

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