口腔肿瘤的免疫治疗:最新进展、关键挑战与未来展望
Gulnihol Sharipova1, Shavkat Amonov2, Antonina Kim3
1Department of Hygiene, Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sino, No.2, Bukhara, Uzbekistan.
Abstract:
口腔肿瘤仍然是全球重大健康挑战,尽管在外科手术、放射治疗、化学治疗和靶向治疗方面取得了进展,但局部晚期、复发性或转移性疾病的患者预后仍然较差。免疫治疗作为一种潜在策略,能够恢复抗肿瘤免疫反应并克服肿瘤诱导的免疫抑制。本综述总结了口腔肿瘤免疫治疗的最新进展,重点关注免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)抗体、近红外光免疫治疗(NIR-PIT)、双特异性抗体(BsAbs)、溶瘤病毒(OVs)、细胞因子治疗以及过继性细胞治疗,如肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)治疗、嵌合抗原受体(CAR)-T/自然杀伤(NK)细胞和T细胞受体(TCR)-T治疗。本文还探讨了免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境(TME)在决定治疗反应和治疗耐药性中的关键作用,强调了调节性免疫细胞、癌症相关成纤维细胞(CAFs)、缺氧、细胞外基质(ECM)重塑及免疫排斥的贡献。当前的临床证据表明,程序性死亡蛋白1(PD-1)抑制剂在复发性/转移性疾病中可带来显著的生存获益,并为围手术期免疫治疗提供了不断扩展的应用前景,而多种新兴治疗方式仍处于积极的临床研究阶段。然而,持久疗效仍受限于肿瘤异质性、免疫细胞归巢不足、抗原逃逸、制备工艺挑战以及缺乏可靠的预测性生物标志物。未来进展可能依赖于基于生物标志物的患者筛选、合理的联合治疗策略以及能够克服微环境介导耐药的工程化细胞治疗。总体而言,这些研究结果支持继续探索个体化、多模式免疫治疗作为改善口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)患者预后的可行途径。
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