概括
研究人员确定了三个与Ha-ras相似的Drosophila基因,其中Dras 1和Dras 2与脊椎动物ras蛋白显著相似. 这表明这些关键的瘤基因在物种之间保留了功能域.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 发育生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 拉斯基因是细胞信号的关键调节者,并且在真核生物中得到保护.
- 甜虫 (Drosophila melanogaster) 作为一个强大的模型生物体,用于研究基本的生物过程.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和描述与脊椎动物Ha-ras瘤基因同源的Drosophila基因.
- 研究种族基因结构和功能的进化保存.
主要方法:
- 使用Ha-ras探针对Drosophila ras同类的隔离和染色体映射.
- 对Dras 1 (cDNA) 和Dras 2 (基因组克隆) 的核酸测序.
- 与脊椎动物Ha-ras和Ki-ras蛋白质对齐的Drosophila ras蛋白质的比较序列对齐.
主要成果:
- 在染色体3上映了三种与Ha-ras同源的Drosophila基因.
- 德拉斯1和德拉斯2编码具有预测分子重量为21.6kd的蛋白质.
- 德拉斯1与脊椎动物哈拉斯具有75%的氨基酸同质性,特别是在氨基末端和中心区域.
- 德拉斯2显示50%的同质性,在N端有变化,这表明它形成了一个独特的域.
- 这两个Drosophila序列都在C端表现出变异性,但更类似于Ki-ras外基4B.
结论:
- 德洛索菲拉具有ras基因同类,具有与脊椎动物对应物相比的显著结构和潜在功能保护.
- 蛋白质p21的N端可能代表一个不同的调节或功能域.
- 对比分析突出了ras基因家族的进化差异,特别是在C端.
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相关概念视频
The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Small GTPases - Ras and Rho
Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
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MAPK Signaling Cascades
Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
The Ras Gene
The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...
Ras is a superfamily...
