概括
研究人员发现了一个新的基因段,D基因段,对于产生小鼠免疫球蛋白重链多样性至关重要. 这一发现解释了抗体基因如何重新排列以产生各种抗原结合特异性.
科学领域:
- 免疫遗传学 免疫遗传学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 结构生物学 结构生物学
背景情况:
- 免疫球蛋白重链和轻链包括可变 (V) 和连接 (J) 基因段.
- 在重链中抗体多样性的遗传基础是不完全理解的.
研究的目的:
- 确定编码小鼠免疫球蛋白重链变量区域的生殖基因元素的序列.
- 阐明免疫球蛋白重链中V(D) J重组的机制.
主要方法:
- 生殖线和重新排列的免疫球蛋白基因的DNA测序.
- 胚胎和表达基因之间的核酸序列的比较.
- 对围绕基因段的保存非编码序列的分析.
主要成果:
- 确定了小鼠免疫球蛋白重链的生殖线变量 (VH) 和连接 (JH) 基因段.
- 发现生殖线VH和JH段缺乏重新排列的基因中存在的核酸,编码第三个超变区的一部分.
- 假定了一个新的生殖基因段,多样性 (D) 基因段,位于VH和JH段之间.
结论:
- D基因段通过编码超变区的一部分来促进抗体多样性.
- 保存了具有特定间距长度的非编码序列,横跨免疫球蛋白基因段,介导V(D) J重组.
- 针对轻链和重链,提出了一种涉及保守序列的V(D) J重组的统一模型.
相关概念视频
01:09Recombinant DNA
Overview
01:10Antibody Structure
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
01:10Antibody Structure
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
01:09Recombinant DNA
Overview
01:28Diversity of Antigen Receptors
Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
01:25Antibody Structure and Classes
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.