相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells
14:26

Genome-wide Purification of Extrachromosomal Circular DNA from Eukaryotic Cells

Published on: April 4, 2016

孤儿:分散的遗传元素来自于真核生物的双重重复基因

G Childs, R Maxson, R H Cohn

    Cell
    |March 1, 1981
    PubMed
    概括

    科学家们在动物细胞中发现了来自基因家族的新型遗传元素,称为orphons. 这些分散的孤儿基因,包括基因组和核糖体基因,在种群中广泛和多态.

    更多相关视频

    Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus11:36

    Rapid and Efficient Generation of Recombinant Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange in the AAVS1 Locus

    Published on: November 20, 2016

    Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange15:13

    Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

    Published on: April 27, 2017

    相关概念视频

    Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

    Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

    While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
    Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

    Overview of Transposition and Recombination

    Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
    LTR Retrotransposons03:08

    LTR Retrotransposons

    LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
    The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
    Gene Duplication and Divergence02:37

    Gene Duplication and Divergence

    The seminal work of Ohno in 1970 popularized the idea of gene duplication and divergence. DNA sequence comparison studies reveal that a large portion of the genes in bacteria, archaebacteria, and eukaryotes was  generated by gene duplication and divergence, indicating its critical role in evolution.
    The duplicated copies of the gene are called Paralogs. Paralogs with similar sequences and functions form a gene family. Across several species, a large number of gene families are characterized.
    Exon Recombination02:32

    Exon Recombination

    The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
    Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon has three reading...
    Diversity of Protists I01:15

    Diversity of Protists I

    Excavata is a diverse group of protists that includes both chemoorganotrophic and phototrophic species, with some thriving in anaerobic environments. Among the key groups within Excavata are diplomonads and parabasalids, which are flagellated protists that lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. These microorganisms typically inhabit anoxic environments, such as the intestines of animals, where they exist either symbiotically or as parasites, relying on fermentation for energy production. Some...