一项针对年轻的非裔美国女性进行HIV性风险降低干预的随机对照试验
1School of Public Health, Department of Health Behavior, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-2010, USA.
JAMA
|October 25, 1995
概括
基于社区的社交技能的干预显著改善了非裔美国女性的一致性避孕套使用. 这项艾滋病毒预防计划赋予妇女技能和文化相关性,以获得更好的性健康结果.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题,特别是在弱势群体中.
- 有效的预防策略对于降低艾滋病毒传播率至关重要.
- 对于特定的社区,需要文化敏感和性别相关的干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 评估以社区为基础的社会技能干预措施的有效性,旨在增加一致的避孕套使用.
- 评估干预对艾滋病毒风险降低知识和相关性行为的影响.
主要方法:
- 一个随机的,单盲的受控试验在旧金山的Bayview-Hunter's Point社区进行.
- 招募了128名性活跃的异性恋非洲裔美国女性 (18-29岁).
- 干预组接受了五次社会技能培训课程;对照组接受了单次艾滋病毒教育课程或直到随访之前没有任何信息.
主要成果:
- 与对照组相比,社会技能干预组的女性显著增加了一致的避孕套使用 (调整后OR,2.1;P = .04).
- 该干预还导致性自我控制 (调整的OR,1.9;P = .05),性沟通 (调整的OR,4.1;P = .002) 和性自信 (调整的OR,1.8;P = .05) 的显著改善.
- 合作伙伴采用支持一致使用避孕套的规范也显著增加 (调整后 OR,2.1;P = .03).
结论:
- 基于社区的艾滋病毒风险降低计划,包括社会技能培训,在促进一致的避孕套使用方面是有效的.
- 性别相关和文化敏感的程序设计是成功预防艾滋病毒的关键.
- 社会技能培训使妇女能够做出更健康的性选择,并谈判避孕套的使用.
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