在细胞分裂过程中,Numb和Prospero的不对称分离
J A Knoblich1, L Y Jan, Y N Jan
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California at San Francisco 94143-0724, USA.
Nature
|October 19, 1995
概括
德洛索菲拉的不对称细胞分裂依赖于Numb蛋白. 研究人员发现,核蛋白"普罗斯佩罗"也定位在膜上,这表明细胞命运决定的共享机制.
科学领域:
- 发育生物学是发展生物学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
背景情况:
- 不对称的细胞分裂对于在发育过程中产生细胞多样性至关重要.
- 蛋白被认为是Drosophila神经系统中不对称的细胞分裂的决定因素.
- 纳姆是一种与膜相关的蛋白质,在细胞分裂过程中不对称地定位和分离,以确定细胞命运.
研究的目的:
- 研究细胞分裂过程中决定因素不对称分离的机制.
- 探索核蛋白普罗斯佩罗与Numb局部化和不对称细胞分裂有关的作用.
- 确定协调轴方向和不对称蛋白质定位的潜在组织者.
主要方法:
- 在Drosophila的线粒分裂期间观察Numb和Prospero蛋白的局部化.
- 对蛋白质定位的分析与中心体和线粒状有关.
- 评估蛋白质定位独立于微管和actin的独立性.
主要成果:
- 核蛋白质普罗斯佩罗转移到膜上,并在线粒分裂过程中与Numb进行同位素化.
- 麻木和普罗斯佩罗本地化与线粒分裂相结合,并与中心体位置相关联.
- 努姆和普罗斯佩罗本地化是独立于微管和行为体的.
结论:
- 纳姆和普罗斯佩罗很可能在细胞分裂过程中共享一种不对称分离的共同机制.
- 不对称细胞分裂的组织者可以提供位置信息,用于轴向和决定性定位.
- 这种机制对于指定细胞命运至关重要,在像Drosophila神经系统这样的发育系统中.
相关概念视频
Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Distribution of Cytoplasmic Content
Cytokinesis segregates a cell’s chromosomes and organelles into its daughter cells. Organelles divide and grow prior to cell division but cannot be synthesized de novo; therefore, cells must receive at least one copy of each organelle to survive. Currently, many of the details of how the organelles are distributed are not yet fully elucidated.
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Distribution of cytoplasmic determinants
The cytoplasm contains various organelles, as well as salts, proteins, and water. The distribution of small...
Nondisjunction
During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Determining the Plane of Cell Division
Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function.
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Animal cells
In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
Nondisjunction
Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers. Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis. Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...


