在1989-90年流感疫情期间,流感疫苗与死亡率的减少有关
A E Ahmed1, K G Nicholson, J S Nguyen-Van-Tam
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Leicester University, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 2, 1995
概括
流感疫苗接种显著降低了经过认证的流感死亡率. 与第一剂相比,每年重复接种疫苗的有效性更高,这凸显了持续接种流感疫苗的重要性.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 流感流行病导致过度的冬季死亡率,特别是在高风险群体中.
- 英国流感疫苗接种率较低的部分原因是对其有效性的怀疑.
- 慢性疾病和机构生活是严重流感并发症的危险因素.
研究的目的:
- 评估流感疫苗接种在降低认证流感死亡率方面的有效性.
- 在不同的人口和居住群体中评估疫苗的有效性.
主要方法:
- 在英格兰进行了一项匹配的病例对照研究,涉及315例流感死亡和777例对照 (16岁以上).
- 人口统计,居住 (机构与社区) 和慢性疾病的数据从全科医生记录中收集.
- 使用条件后勤回归分析来确定疫苗的疗效.
主要成果:
- 总体而言,流感疫苗接种使死亡率降低了41%.
- 第一次接种疫苗显示死亡率降低了9%,而之前的接种疫苗则将死亡率降低了75%.
- 在机构和社区居住者之间,或在患有和没有高风险疾病的人之间,没有观察到疫苗效果的显著差异.
结论:
- 流感疫苗有效降低流感死亡率.
- 每年重复接种流感疫苗的效果比第一次接种更大.
- 这些发现支持对高风险人群进行一致的流感疫苗接种计划的重要性.
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