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预防艾滋病毒感染. 回头看,向前看,向前看,向后看,向前看
J Stryker1, T J Coates, P DeCarlo
1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94105, USA.
JAMA
|April 12, 1995
概括
有效预防人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 需要有针对性的,持续的降低风险的努力和解决社会障碍. 实现零感染是不现实的;专注于经过验证的战略和必要的资源,以成功开展艾滋病毒教育和预防.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 行为科学 行为科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 尽管美国每年有4万例新的人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染,但过去十年表明行为改变是可能的.
- 对艾滋病毒风险降低计划的高期望可能会阻碍有效性;零发病率不太可能.
- 预防性疫苗和有效药物治疗的前景有限,强调持续的艾滋病毒预防和教育.
研究的目的:
- 论证有效的艾滋病毒风险降低努力可以导致持久的行为变化.
- 确定成功的艾滋病毒预防计划的基本组成部分.
- 解决阻碍当前艾滋病毒风险降低倡议的障碍.
主要方法:
- 审查艾滋病毒风险降低和其他健康行为改变努力的经验.
- 确定"免疫相关性"或有效预防艾滋病毒的必要前提条件.
- 对实施艾滋病毒风险降低计划的社会,文化和态度障碍的分析.
主要成果:
- 通过量身定制,有针对性,可信和持续的风险降低努力,可以实现避免艾滋病毒感染的持久行为改变.
- 社会,文化和态度障碍阻碍了实施有效的艾滋病毒风险降低计划.
- 有效预防艾滋病毒的关键先决条件包括支持性政策,获得服务和供应,激励干预,有能力的组织和有效的技术.
结论:
- 由于疫苗和治疗开发的挑战,持续关注艾滋病毒预防和教育至关重要.
- 有效的艾滋病毒预防需要采取多方面的方法,解决个人的行为,社会决定因素和系统因素.
- 专注于现实的目标和实施确定的"免疫相关性"可以提高艾滋病毒风险降低计划的成功.
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