阿尔茨海默氏症和血管痴呆症以及驾驶. 一个前性的道路和实验室研究研究
L J Fitten1, K M Perryman, C J Wilkinson
1Department of Psychiatry, University of California, UCLA School of Medicine, USA.
JAMA
|May 3, 1995
概括
认知障碍,而不是年龄或诊断,预测轻度阿尔茨海默病或血管痴呆症患者的驾驶能力. 特定的认知测试可以比一般标准更有效地识别不安全的驾驶员.
科学领域:
- 神经学 神经学
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 运输安全运输安全
背景情况:
- 驾驶是一项复杂的技能,需要完整的认知功能.
- 轻度阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD) 和血管痴呆症可能会损害认知能力,可能会影响驾驶.
- 评估认知障碍患者的驾驶表现对于公共安全至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 描述轻度AD和血管痴呆症患者的道路驾驶能力.
- 将他们的驾驶表现与年龄和健康相匹配的对照组进行比较.
- 确定与驾驶性能相关的基于实验室的认知指标.
主要方法:
- 一项前性实验性研究涉及83名参与者 (15名轻度AD,12名血管痴呆,15名糖尿病对照,26名老年健康对照,16名年轻对照).
- 使用Sepulveda (Calif) 道路测试来评估驾驶能力.
- 实验室测试测量了注意力,感知和记忆 (例如,斯特恩伯格,福尔斯坦迷你精神状态检查).
主要成果:
- 与所有对照组相比,轻度的AD和血管痴呆症组的驱动得分明显较低 (P < .001).
- 在三个对照组中,驱动得分没有显著差异.
- 短期记忆,视觉跟踪和整体认知状态 (迷你精神状态检查) 是驾驶性能最强的预测因素 (累计R2 = 0.68).
- 较低的驾驶分数与较高的碰撞和移动违规率相关 (r = -0.38,P < .02).
结论:
- 认知障碍的类型和程度是驾驶技能的更重要的预测因素,而不仅仅是年龄或医学诊断.
- 特定的认知测试协议可以更有效地识别不安全的司机,而不是仅仅依靠年龄或医学诊断来限制驾照.
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