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染色体通过多个间歇性相互作用在酵母菌中半衰期前和期间进行配对
1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Cell
|July 1, 1994
概括
同性染色体在酵母中通过多个DNA相互作用在半变化之前配对. 这种配对在DNA复制过程中消失,并独立于突触膜复合体重新出现,这表明了基因重组的新机制.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 同性染色体配对对于准确的半变异和遗传重组至关重要.
- 了解染色体配对的机制,特别是在前生殖和早期生殖阶段,对于细胞生物学来说至关重要.
- 现有的染色体配对模型不能完全解释酵母中的观察结果.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究在准备变质的酵母细胞中同源染色体配对的动态和性质.
- 阐明染色体配对,DNA复制和介质性重组之间的关系.
- 测试和完善前生态和中生态配对模型.
主要方法:
- 光在位杂交 (FISH) 用于分析酵母菌中的染色体配对.
- 分析与重组和介质性进展相关的突变表型.
- 配对事件与DNA复制和双链断裂形成的相关性.
主要成果:
- 同性染色体表现出多个间歇性配对相互作用 (约. 1每65kb) 在介质变化之前.
- 染色体配对在DNA复制过程中减少,并独立于突触膜复合体重新出现.
- 在突变者中观察到对配缺陷,在重组中存在缺陷,无论是在双链断裂形成之前还是之后.
- 初始配对相互作用的数量与介质重组事件的数量相关.
结论:
- 前生子和早期中生子的配对涉及完整的双重体之间的超生态DNA-DNA相互作用.
- 这些相互作用通过双链断裂转化为重组中间体.
- 形成单个介质配对连接不需要介质形成的特异性双链断裂.
相关概念视频
01:49Meiosis I
Meiosis is a carefully orchestrated set of cell divisions, the goal of which—in humans—is to produce haploid sperm or eggs, each containing half the number of chromosomes present in somatic cells elsewhere in the body. Meiosis I is the first such division, and involves several key steps, among them: condensation of replicated chromosomes in diploid cells; the pairing of homologous chromosomes and their exchange of information; and finally, the separation of homologous chromosomes by a...
01:57Meiosis II
Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...
03:09Meiosis I
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
02:02Meiosis II
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
03:09Meiosis I
Meiosis is the division of a diploid cell into haploid cells forming sperm and eggs in animals through differentiation. Meiosis I is the first stage of meiosis, where the genetic recombination of homologous chromosomes and the reduction of the ploidy level by half occurs.
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
Prophase I is the most extended and complex step of meiosis I characterized by synapsis, chromosome pairing, and recombination of the homologous chromosomes. This process is facilitated by a proteinaceous structure called the...
02:02Meiosis II
Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...