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针头和针头交换作为注射毒品使用者的艾滋病毒/艾滋病预防
J K Watters1, M J Estilo, G L Clark
1Urban Health Study, Institute for Health Policy Studies, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-1304.
JAMA
|January 12, 1994
概括
一个旧金山注射器交换计划很快被注射毒品使用者采用,导致注射器共享减少. 该计划与艾滋病毒检测和咨询一起,与更安全的注射实践有关,并没有增加药物滥用.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 成 药物 药物 药物 药物
背景情况:
- 注射器交换计划 (SEP) 是旨在减少注射药物使用者 (IDU) 传染病传播的干预措施.
- 评估SEP对用户行为和药物使用模式的有效性和影响对于公共卫生政策至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估旧金山一个全志愿者注射器交换计划的采用和影响.
- 为了确定SEP使用和注射器共享行为之间的关联.
- 调查SEP是否影响了注射毒品的频率或招募新用户.
主要方法:
- 使用过的注射器交换计划记录和11个半年调查超过5.5年.
- 采访了5,644名注射毒品使用者,这些人来自排毒诊所和街头环境.
- 收集了关于注射器获取,注射频率,开始使用毒品和共享注射器的自我报告数据.
主要成果:
- 45%的参与者表示从SEP获得了注射设备,61%的参与者在过去一年内使用了该计划.
- 在1986年至1992年期间,中位数注射频率下降,平均使用者年龄增加,新开始使用毒品的人数下降.
- SEP使用,艾滋病毒检测,避孕套使用,年龄较大和非裔美国人种族独立地与减少的注射器共享有关;可卡因注射是共享的预测因素.
结论:
- 注射器交换计划显示了注射毒品使用者的快速采用.
- 使用SEP和自愿的艾滋病毒检测/咨询与减少共享针头有关.
- 该研究没有支持SEP增加药物滥用频率或招募年轻/新用户的假设.
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