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肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗的有效性. 对当前建议的评估
J C Butler1, R F Breiman, J F Campbell
1Respiratory Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333.
JAMA
|October 20, 1993
概括
肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗在预防严重感染方面显示出显著的有效性,特别是在患有糖尿病或心脏病等高风险群体中. 在接种疫苗后至少9年,保护持续时间保持稳健.
科学领域:
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 肺炎球菌感染对健康构成重大风险,特别是在患有潜在疾病的人群中.
- 肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗 (PPSV) 推给具有侵入性肺炎球菌疾病风险增加的人群.
- 评估疫苗的有效性和保护的持续时间对于公共卫生战略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗在特定风险人群中的有效性.
- 为了确定疫苗所赋予的保护性免疫的持续时间.
- 为目标群体提供疫苗接种建议.
主要方法:
- 间接队列分析比较接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的个人超过14年的国家监测.
- 包括2837名5岁以上的参与者,从血液或脑脊液中分离出肺炎球菌.
- 从美国医院实验室向疾病控制和预防中心提交的已使用的肺炎球菌分离物.
主要成果:
- 针对疫苗血型的总体疫苗疗效为57%.
- 在特定人群中观察到高疗效:糖尿病 (84%),冠状动脉疾病 (73%),充血性心力衰竭 (69%),慢性肺部疾病 (65%) 和解剖性 (77%).
- 随着时间的推移,疗效仍然很强,在5-8岁时为71%,在9年后为80%;没有记录下降.
结论:
- 肺炎球菌多糖体疫苗在推的风险人群中,在预防侵入性肺炎球菌疾病方面表现出显著的有效性.
- 疫苗提供持久的保护,持续有效至少9年.
- 虽然鼓励针对特定群体加大疫苗接种力度,但目前的数据并不支持普遍再接种疫苗.
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