在紧急情况下针对弱势群体:谁是弱势群体?
1Médecins Sans Frontières Holland, Nairobi, Kenya.
Lancet (London, England)
|September 28, 1996
概括
在紧急情况下,虽然幼儿面临更高的死亡率,但老年儿童和成年人不成比例地受到风险的影响. 公共卫生干预措施必须考虑所有年龄组,以有效降低整体死亡率.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 灾难医学 灾难医学
背景情况:
- 战争和自然灾害等紧急情况增加了人口对疾病,暴力和饥饿的脆弱性.
- 紧急公共卫生干预侧重于基本需求,减少脆弱性和减轻风险暴露.
- 目前的干预措施主要针对5岁以下的儿童,尽管即使在正常情况下,这个群体的死亡率更高.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较幼儿死亡的相对风险与老年儿童和成年人的相对风险.
- 在正常和紧急条件下分析死亡风险.
主要方法:
- 在三个紧急情况中检查了难民营的死亡率数据.
- 从难民的原籍国计算出基线死亡率.
- 在正常和紧急条件之间比较相对风险.
主要成果:
- 在正常和紧急情况下,在5岁以下的儿童中死亡率高于老年人.
- 在紧急情况下,5岁以下儿童的相对死亡风险比正常情况下低.
- 在紧急情况下,年龄较大的儿童和成年人经历了不成比例的更高风险.
结论:
- 为了有效降低死亡率,紧急公共卫生战略必须包括5岁以上的人口.
- 需要开发特定的工具来评估风险,确定原因,并在紧急情况下为所有年龄组设计计划.
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