在加利福尼亚州诺斯里奇地震发生后,发生了型菌病的爆发
E Schneider1, R A Hajjeh, R A Spiegel
1Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS), Community Disease Control, County of San Diego Department of Health Services, CA, USA.
JAMA
|March 19, 1997
概括
1994年在文图拉县发生的一次地震引发了菌菌病的爆发,山体滑坡造成的尘埃云散布了真菌子. 接触这些尘埃云显著增加了感染的风险,特别是在老年人中.
科学领域:
- 环境微生物学环境微生物学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 型菌是美洲干旱地区特有的真菌感染.
- 地震可以破坏土壤,并将真菌子释放到空气中,从而可能增加感染风险.
- 1994年诺斯里奇地震为研究地震事件对菌菌菌病传播的影响提供了机会.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查1994年地震后在文图拉县爆发的菌菌病.
- 在疫情爆发期间识别与获得急性菌菌菌病感染相关的风险因素.
主要方法:
- 流行病学调查,包括基于人口的皮肤测试调查.
- 病例控制研究,以评估感染的风险因素.
- 对地震产生的尘埃云的环境数据和病例分布的分析.
主要成果:
- 在1994年1月24日至3月15日期间,在文图拉县确诊了203例菌病,其中包括3例死亡病例.
- 西米谷的袭击率最高 (每10万人中有114人),地震发生两周后的病例达到顶峰.
- 暴露于尘埃云 (几率比,3.0) 和在尘埃中度过的时间显著增加了菌菌菌病的风险;40岁以上的个体的风险增加了2.8倍.
结论:
- 疫情的位置和时间强烈暗示地震产生的灰尘云携带Coccidioides关节胞作为感染源.
- 这是首次有证据表明,与地震相关的菌菌病爆发.
- 在产生尘埃事件后,在流行地区提高公众和医生的意识对于预防和早期识别至关重要.
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