相关实验视频
Updated: Aug 4, 2026

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In vitro Reconstitution of the Active T. castaneum Telomerase
Published on: July 14, 2011
来自裂变酵母和人类的端粒酶催化子单元同类
T M Nakamura1, G B Morin, K B Chapman
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA.
概括
端粒酶的催化子单元,对于DNA复制至关重要,是逆转录酶. 这些子单元在各个物种中保存,揭示了反转录酶酶的深刻进化历史.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 遗传学 是一个遗传学.
- 进化生物学 进化生物学
背景情况:
- 端粒酶是一种核糖蛋白酶,负责维持端粒长度.
- 纤毛动物和酵母菌中的端粒酶的催化子单元具有反转录酶基因.
- 了解端粒酶的进化保存和功能至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (裂变酵母) 和人类中识别端粒酶催化子单元的同源基因.
- 研究这些基因在S. pombe.中的功能意义.
- 将已识别的端粒酶蛋白与其他逆转录酶进行比较,以了解它们的进化关系.
主要方法:
- 基因识别和同质性搜索. 基因识别和同质性搜索.
- 在S. pombe基因中断以评估功能影响.
- 在人类细胞系中进行mRNA表达分析.
- 遗传学分析和逆转录酶基因的序列比较.
主要成果:
- 对端粒酶催化子单元的同源基因在S. pombe和人类中被确定.
- 破坏S. pombe基因导致端粒缩短和细胞衰老.
- 人类基因mRNA表达与端粒酶活性相关.
- 序列分析显示,端粒酶蛋白属于逆转录酶家族,但具有独特的区分特征.
结论:
- 已识别的端粒酶催化子单元是遗传学上保存的.
- 这些子单元代表了逆转录酶进化的独特和古老的血统.
- 端粒酶在不同类型的真核生物中对基因组稳定性和进化起着根本性的作用.
相关概念视频
Replication in Eukaryotes
Overview
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
DNA Helicases
DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...
Telomeres and Telomerase
In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded DNA.
Translesion DNA Polymerases
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
Replication in Eukaryotes
In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...

