美国妇女的艾滋病. 最近的趋势 最近的趋势
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Centers for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga 30333, USA.
JAMA
|September 25, 1997
概括
获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病) 流行病对妇女产生重大影响,黑人妇女和东北地区妇女的发病率最高. 预计持续增长,特别是在南方和异性感染的年轻女性中.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 获得性免疫缺陷综合征 (艾滋病) 疫情对妇女产生了实质性和日益增长的影响,需要对发病率趋势进行最新分析.
- 了解这些趋势对于有针对性的公共卫生干预和资源分配至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 分析和描述美国妇女中艾滋病发病率趋势.
- 确定与女性艾滋病发病率上升相关的人口和行为因素.
主要方法:
- 对1996年6月期间被诊断患有艾滋病的13岁及以上妇女的国家监测数据的分析.
- 调整数据以考虑报告延迟,未报告的风险因素以及1993年修订的艾滋病病例定义.
- 根据年龄组,出生队列,地理区域和传播方式检查趋势.
主要成果:
- 1995年,女性占成人艾滋病病例的19%. 黑人女性 (50.1/100,000),东北地区的女性 (22.3/100,000) 和通过异性接触感染的女性 (5.5/100,000) 的发病率最高.
- 在1991年至1995年期间,艾滋病发病率的最大增加在美国南部和通过异性传播感染的女性中观察到.
- 艾滋病发病率最显著的增长发生在1970年至1974年间出生的妇女中,她们在1988年年龄为14-18岁,这表明年轻女性的风险越来越大.
结论:
- 预计的趋势表明,艾滋病病例在妇女中持续增加,特别是在南方和异性感染者中.
- 连续的年轻女性队伍在进入青春期和年轻成年期时被确定为患有人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 感染的风险较高.
- 预防策略必须在开始性活动和潜在的药物使用之前积极参与年轻女性,以减轻未来的感染.
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