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国家枪支安全储存法律和由于枪支的儿童死亡率
P Cummings1, D C Grossman, F P Rivara
1Harborview Injury Prevention and Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle 98104-2499, USA. peterc@u.washington.edu
JAMA
|October 7, 1997
概括
国家安全储存法律显著减少了15岁以下儿童意外枪击死亡. 这些枪支安全措施在防止意外死亡方面似乎有效,尽管对自杀和杀人的影响并不显著.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 儿童安全 儿童安全
背景情况:
- 自1989年以来颁布的有争议的州法律使枪支所有者对未经监督的儿童获得枪支负有责任.
- 这些枪支安全法对儿童死亡率的影响在很大程度上是未知的.
研究的目的:
- 调查国家枪支安全储存法律与减少儿童枪支死亡率之间的关联.
- 确定强制要求安全存储枪支的法律是否与儿童中与枪支有关的死亡人数减少有关.
主要方法:
- 生态研究分析了1979-1994年美国所有50个州和哥伦比亚特区的枪支死亡率数据.
- 专注于15岁以下的儿童,研究意外死亡,自杀和谋杀.
- 使用了根据国家趋势调整的州内比较.
主要成果:
- 在12个州有安全储存法律至少一年 (1990-1994),15岁以下儿童的意外枪击死亡人数下降了23%.
- 观察到的无意枪支死亡人数减少在统计学上是显著的 (95% CI,6%-37%).
- 与枪支相关的谋杀和自杀案的数量有所下降,但不显著.
结论:
- 促进安全储存枪支的州法律在防止幼儿意外枪击死亡方面显得有效.
- 有证据表明,通过安全储存法令使枪支对儿童难以获得,可以挽救生命.
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