在中国,烟草吸烟导致的死亡率
1Department of Community Medicine, University of Hong Kong, China. hrmrlth@hkucc.hku.hk
JAMA
|November 18, 1997
概括
在中国,吸烟显著增加了死亡风险,常常吸烟者与从未吸烟者相比,因各种原因,癌症和心脏病的死亡率更高. 这些发现凸显了迫切需要采取烟草控制措施,以防止日益蔓延的流行病.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 心血管研究研究心血管研究
背景情况:
- 之前在中国对吸烟和死亡率的研究的随访时间很短,可能低估了风险.
- 在研究开始时,显著比例的男性 (56%) 和较小比例的女性 (12%) 被确定为经常吸烟者.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估与吸烟相关的长期 (20年) 死亡率,在一个中国队列.
- 为了比较曾经吸烟的人和从未吸烟的人之间的死亡率.
主要方法:
- 在中国西安的一家机械工厂进行了队列分析研究.
- 1696名35岁以上的参与者 (1124名男性,572名女性) 在1976年5月接受了检查.
- 在20年的随访期间,收集了所有原因和与烟草有关的死亡率的数据.
主要成果:
- 在20年间,218名参与者死亡 (173名男性,45名女性).
- 长期吸烟的男性显示所有原因死亡率 (2.42),癌症 (2.50) 和冠心病 (3.61) 的相对风险显著更高.
- 经常吸烟的女性也表现出所有原因死亡率 (2.32) 和冠心病 (4.67) 的相对风险增加,尽管癌症风险不那么明显 (1.98).
结论:
- 长期跟踪证实,吸烟是中国的主要死亡原因,风险与西方国家相美.
- 如果没有紧急的烟草控制干预措施,大约一半的中国3亿吸烟者可能会死于与吸烟有关的疾病.
- 该研究强调了对公共卫生战略的迫切需要,以打击中国不断升级的吸烟流行病.
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