在全国人口样本中的健康不平等的起源
1Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|December 11, 1997
概括
社会地位显著影响终身健康风险,差异从生命早期积累了几十年. 解决教育和情感发展对于健康公平至关重要.
科学领域:
- 社会流行病学 社会流行病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 生命历程研究 生命历程研究
背景情况:
- 健康方面的社会不平等是一个持久的,未解决的问题.
- 要了解健康差异的起源,需要检查生命早期社会地位的影响.
- 这项研究调查了成年人疾病风险因素如何根据社会地位在早期生活中变化.
研究的目的:
- 确定成人疾病风险因素在多大程度上与社会地位从生命早期系统地相关.
- 基于社会来源,分析几十年来健康风险的累积情况.
- 为预防健康不平等的预防策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用了1958年英国出生队列研究.
- 从多个来源 (家长,教师,医生,参与者) 收集到33岁以下的数据.
- 包括一个大样本大小 (n=11,407年龄33岁的采访).
主要成果:
- 社会阶级的起源与众多风险因素相关:身体 (出生体重,BMI),经济 (过度拥挤,低收入),健康行为 (吸烟,饮食),社会/家庭功能 (离婚,情绪调整) 和教育/职业 (失业,工作压力).
- 强烈的趋势显示,从较高的社会阶层 (I/II) 到较低的社会阶层 (IV/V) 的风险增加.
- 较低的社会出身与更糟糕的自我感知健康状况和症状有关.
结论:
- 社会地位对一个人一生中面临多种不良健康风险的可能性有很大的影响.
- 与社会地位相关的健康风险因素趋势出现并积累了几十年,而不仅仅是在中年.
- 对所有社会群体的教育和情感发展进行投资对于有效的健康行为,工作场所和收入不平等预防策略至关重要.
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