由两个文化中的聋子儿童创造的自发的符号系统
1University of Chicago, Department of Psychology, Illinois 60637, USA. sgsg@ccp.uchicago.edu
Nature
|January 24, 1998
概括
聋子儿童自发地发展出有结构的,类似语言的手势来进行沟通,即使没有常规语言输入. 这些天生的沟通系统显示了跨文化相似之处,这表明语言发展的生物学基础.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 认知科学 认知科学
背景情况:
- 具有有限语言输入的聋子儿童使用手势来沟通.
- 这些手势表现出句子级和单词级的结构,类似于自然语言.
- 父母的手势可能会影响孩子,但孩子们自己引入类似语言的结构.
研究的目的:
- 调查不同文化中聋子儿童开发的自发标志系统的结构相似之处.
- 探索手势中类似语言结构的跨文化强度.
- 为关于语言的先天性辩论提供经验数据.
主要方法:
- 在两个不同的文化环境 (美国和中国) 中观察听力父母的聋子孩子.
- 对语言结构的自发手势系统的分析.
- 跨文化的手势沟通与不同的儿童抚养和手势沟通实践的比较.
主要成果:
- 两个文化中的自发标志系统都显示出共同的结构特征.
- 这些特征包括有模式的语义元素的生成/删除和有模式的排序.
- 还观察到,句子中的命题被连接在一起.
结论:
- 聋子儿童的自发手势具有与生俱来的语言结构.
- 这些结构的跨文化相似性表明了对语言的天生的能力.
- 这些发现有助于理解人类婴儿的语言内在性.
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