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一个小的-4星团内的超流动性:微观的安德罗尼卡什维利实验

Grebenev¹, Toennies, Vilesov

¹Max-Planck-Institut fur Stromungsforschung, Bunsenstrasse 10, 37073 Gottingen, Germany.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 8, 1998

概括

通过测量氧碳硫化物 (OCS) 分子的红外光谱,观察到滴中的超流动性. -4滴中的尖旋转线表明自由旋转,这是超流动性的微观标志.

科学领域:

量子流体量子流体
分子光谱学分子光谱学
低温物理低温物理

背景情况:

超流动性是一种量子力学现象,在非常低的温度下在某些流体中观察到.
-4和-3是已知在特定条件下表现出超流动性的同位素.
分子光谱学提供了对不同环境中的分子行为和相互作用的见解.

研究的目的:

为了研究在超流体-4和非超流体-3滴中氧化碳硫化物 (OCS) 分子的旋转行为.
为了确定OCS的旋转光谱是否可以作为超流动性的微观探测器.
为了确定在-3滴中诱导超流动性所需的最小多原子数量.

主要方法:

红外光谱学被用来测量单个OCS分子的光谱.
实验使用大,纯-4和-3滴 (每个大约10^4个原子) 进行.
-4原子逐渐添加到-3滴中,以观察OCS光谱的变化.

主要成果:

在-4滴中观察到OCS的利,明显的旋转线,表明分子自由旋转.
在-3滴中观察到OCS的广泛,无特征的峰值,这表明旋转受阻.
将大约60个-4原子添加到-3滴中,导致了尖的旋转线重新出现.

结论:

在OCS旋转光谱中观察到的差异为滴的超流动性提供了微观证据.
OCS分子的自由旋转是周围的超流体性质的直接指标.
似乎至少需要60个-4原子来诱导-3滴中的超流动性.

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