集成肥料管理的环境,农业和经济方面
Matson1, Naylor, Ortiz-Monasterio
1P. A. Matson and R. Naylor, Institute for International Studies, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-6055, USA. I. Ortiz-Monasterio, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, El Batan, Mexico.
概括
在墨西哥小麦系统中优化肥的应用,大大减少了氧化 (N2O) 和氧化 (NO) 的排放. 这种方法保持了作物的产量和质量,同时提高了农民的利,减少了对环境的影响.
科学领域:
- 农业科学 农业科学
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 土壤科学 土壤科学
背景情况:
- 墨西哥的密集小麦种植严重依赖于化肥.
- 目前的做法导致大量的氧化 (N2O) 和氧化 (NO) 排放,影响地区和全球环境.
- 农业系统的气损失带来了重大的环境和经济挑战.
研究的目的:
- 评估墨西哥小麦系统中的替代化肥策略.
- 为了确定改性化肥对痕量气体流 (N2O和NO) 的影响.
- 评估对小麦产量,谷物质量和经济利能力的影响.
主要方法:
- 实地实验使用密集的小麦系统进行.
- 肥的剂量和应用时间系统地变化.
- 测量了氧化 (N2O) 和氧化 (NO) 的流量.
- 分析了小麦产量和谷物质量参数.
- 对替代受精策略进行了经济分析.
主要成果:
- 较低的肥率,在作物周期的后期应用,有效地减少了N2O和NO排放.
- 这些修改后的做法并没有对小麦产量或谷物质量产生负面影响.
- 经济预测显示,农民在税后利方面可能节省12-17%的资金.
- 对肥料管理的知识密集型方法被证明是可行的.
结论:
- 调整化肥的时间和速度为密集小麦生产提供了一个可持续的解决方案.
- 这一战略减轻了有害的微量气体排放,有利于环境.
- 农民可以通过优化,基于知识的肥料管理来实现经济收益.
- 减少的投入导致显著的成本节约和环境效益.
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