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新的标本和确认一个早期的年龄为奥斯拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis)

M G Leakey¹, C S Feibel, I McDougall

¹National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi. mifupa@iconnect.co.ke

|May 20, 1998

概括

新的化石证实了澳大拉皮铁克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 是最早的澳大拉皮铁克斯物种. 约会和形态学分析揭示了它的原始状态,早于奥斯拉洛皮塞克斯阿法伦斯.

科学领域:

古人类学古人类学.
人类进化人类进化
古生物学的古生物学

背景情况:

由于地层学变异,对奥斯拉洛皮特克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 的化石发现提出了关于物种代表性的问题.
以前的解释表明,一些化石可能属于后来的,更衍生的人类类物种.

研究的目的:

为了证实奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 的原始状态.
为了确定奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 的确切年龄和遗传学位置.
为了比较新发现的奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 化石的形态与相关的原始人物种.

主要方法:

在肯尼亚的Kanapoi和Allia Bay挖掘出新的原始人化石 (1995-1997).
在火山岩上测定同位素年代和单晶40Ar-39Ar年龄.
对新发现的部,下部,头部和落叶的骨标本进行了形态分析.

主要成果:

新的化石证实了澳大拉皮铁克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 是澳大拉皮铁克斯 (Australopithecus) 最早的物种.
同位素约会将奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 定时放置在阿迪皮塞克斯 (Ardipithecus ramidus) 和奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus afarensis) 之间.
对新标本的形态分析表明,奥斯拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 比奥斯拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus afarensis) 更为原始,其落叶的牙表现出中间特征.

结论:

奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 是奥斯特拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus) 属中最早已知的物种.
这些发现巩固了家族遗传序列:Ardipithecus ramidus -> Australopithecus anamensis -> Australopithecus afarensis.
新的化石证据解决了关于奥斯拉洛皮塞克斯 (Australopithecus anamensis) 的分类学地位和进化地位的先前模两可.

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