当前的眼睛护理政策几乎完全专注于白内障,是否足以应对印度的失明问题?
L Dandona1, R Dandona, T J Naduvilath
1Public Health Ophthalmology Service, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India. dandona@lvpeye.stph.net
Lancet (London, England)
|June 27, 1998
概括
印度的失明源于白内障以外的各种原因,挑战目前的国家政策. 综合的眼睛评估显示,非白内障条件显著导致视力丧失.
科学领域:
- 眼科医生 眼科 眼科
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 印度国家控制失明计划依赖于过时的1980年代数据,将80%的失明归因于白内障.
- 目前印度缺乏基于人口的关于失明原因的数据.
- 这项研究调查了城市南印度人口中失明的患病率和原因.
研究的目的:
- 评估城市印度人口目前的失明率和原因.
- 评估诊断方法对报告的失明原因的影响.
- 为印度关于预防和控制失明的公共卫生政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 在海德拉巴德市对2954名参与者的分层,随机,集群,系统抽样.
- 详细的眼部评估包括视力敏度,折射,裂纹灯生物显微镜,眼内压力,视镜, fundus评估和视野.
- 分析了2522名30岁及以上的参与者的数据.
主要成果:
- 在30岁及以上的参与者中,年龄标准化失明率为3.08% (95% CI 1.95-4.21).
- 白内障是导致白内障的主要原因 (29.7%),其次是视网膜疾病 (17.1%),角膜疾病 (15.4%),折射误差 (12.5%),绿内障 (12.1%),视力缩 (11.0%).
- 如果没有视野测试,15.7%的失明将被错过,白内障的贡献可能被高估了75.8%.
结论:
- 在这个印度城市人口中,非白内障原因占失明的很大一部分.
- 由于诊断方法的局限性,以前的国家调查可能高估了白内障的作用.
- 政策制定者应该优先考虑基于人口的综合性研究,以制定有效的长期失明控制策略,而不仅仅是白内障管理.
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