对于没有保险的人来说,获得医疗护理的能力:它在不同社区之间有多大差异?
1Center for Studying Health System Change, Washington, DC 20024, USA. pjc@hschange.com
JAMA
|September 18, 1998
概括
你居住的地方对没有保险的个人获得医疗保健有重大影响,社区层面的因素比个人健康发挥更大的作用. 扩大保险覆盖范围可以改善获得和减少差距.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健服务研究 医疗服务研究
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 健康的社会经济决定因素
背景情况:
- 医疗贫困人口获得医疗保健的机会在美国社区之间有很大差异.
- 当地组织和医疗保健的提供影响了没有保险的个人获得服务的能力.
- 不断发展的医疗保健系统可能会加剧医疗保健获取现有的差异.
研究的目的:
- 量化美国社区中未保险人群获得医疗保健的地理差异.
- 确定健康状况和人口因素在多大程度上解释了这些观察到的访问差异.
- 研究社区特征与无保险人获得医疗保健的关系.
主要方法:
- 1996-1997年社区跟踪研究家庭调查的分析,这是一个具有全国代表性的数据集.
- 包括60个随机选择的美国社区,在12个大都市地区过量采样.
- 评估未获得或推迟获得必要医疗护理的无保险个人的百分比.
主要成果:
- 在高和低接入社区之间,获得护理困难的差异超过两倍 (41.4%和18.5%).
- 社区对接入的差异很少能通过未保险人的健康状况或社会人口统计特征的差异来解释.
- 没有发现无保险人和私人保险人的访问变化之间的相关性 (r=0.04).
结论:
- 地理位置是无保险个人获得医疗保健的关键决定因素.
- 州和地方政策,以及医疗保健系统的变化,显著影响无保险人的护理可用性.
- 旨在扩大保险覆盖范围的政策干预措施可能会改善医疗服务的获取,并减少医疗服务的地理差异.
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