降低风险咨询的有效性,以预防人类免疫缺陷病毒和性传播疾病:一个随机对照试验. 项目 RESPECT 研究小组
M L Kamb1, M Fishbein, J M Douglas
1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
JAMA
|October 20, 1998
概括
与标准信息相比,互动咨询显著减少了性传播疾病 (STD) 和增加了避孕套的使用. 这些有效的HIV/STD预防策略可以在公共卫生诊所实施.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 预防传染病 预防传染病
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 咨询对于预防人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 和其他性传播疾病 (STD) 的有效性仍在调查中.
- 当前的性病/艾滋病毒预防实践往往依赖于教学信息,其有效性的证据有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较两个交互式辅导干预与标准教学信息对艾滋病毒/性病预防的影响.
- 在现实临床环境中评估个性化风险降低咨询的有效性.
主要方法:
- 一个多中心随机受控试验 (RESPECT项目) 涉及5758名参与者,遍及5个公共性传播疾病诊所.
- 参与者接受了增强的互动咨询,简短的互动咨询或标准的教学信息.
- 结果包括自我报告的避孕套使用和在12个月内评估的实验室诊断的新性传播疾病 (HIV,淋病,克拉米迪亚,梅毒).
主要成果:
- 与教学信息相比,增强和简短的辅导干预都导致3个月和6个月后自报告的避孕套使用量显著增加.
- 新的性病诊断在6个月后减少了30%,在12个月后减少了20%,在辅导组和教学组中.
- 在所有研究地点,STD发病率的减少是一致的,在青少年和具有先前存在的STD的人群中尤为明显.
结论:
- 专注于个性化降低风险的简短,交互式咨询干预措施有效地增加了避孕套的使用,并预防了新的性病.
- 这些基于证据的咨询策略是可行的和有效的,即使在大量的公共性传播疾病诊所.
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