在芽酵母中,胞的转录程序在芽酵母中
1Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0448, USA.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|October 23, 1998
概括
发芽的酵母在分泌期间的基因表达揭示了不同的时间模式. 转录因子Ndt80对于晚期介质基因诱导至关重要,为基因功能和进化提供了洞察力.
科学领域:
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 酵母遗传学 酵母遗传学
- 发展生物学 发展生物学
背景情况:
- 发芽酵母经历化,这是一个发展过程,涉及化和子形成,从二倍体细胞产生平分体细胞.
- 了解化过程中的基因表达动态是解读发育途径和基因调节的关键.
研究的目的:
- 通过使用DNA微阵列,全面分析酵母化过程中的基因表达变化.
- 确定基因诱导的时间模式和相关的调节因素.
- 根据它们的表达模式推断非特征化的基因的功能,并识别其他生物体中的潜在同类.
主要方法:
- 利用DNA微阵列来描述几乎所有的酵母基因在整个胞过程中的表达.
- 分析了时间表达模式,以识别协调调节的基因的不同组.
- 对协调表达的基因进行了序列分析,以确定保存的调节元素.
主要成果:
- 观察到至少七个不同的时间模式的基因诱导在运动期间.
- 鉴定了转录因子Ndt80作为诱导中介性先导期晚期显著基因组的关键.
- 通过分析协调表达的基因组,发现了负责时间基因调节的保守共识序列.
- 获得了对数百个以前未被描述的基因潜在功能的洞察力.
结论:
- 化涉及复杂的,在酵母中暂时调节的基因表达程序.
- Ndt80在调节基因表达的过程中起着至关重要的作用,在半变化的特定阶段.
- 对共同表达的基因的序列分析可以揭示调节机制和基因功能.
- 研究结果表明,基因调节和功能在进化过程中得到保护,这对脊椎动物的游戏生成有影响.
相关概念视频
01:28Yeast Signaling
Yeasts are single-celled organisms, but unlike bacteria, they are eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus). Cell signaling in yeast is similar to signaling in other eukaryotic cells. A ligand, such as a protein or a small molecule released from a yeast cell, attaches to a receptor on the cell surface. The binding stimulates second-messenger kinases to activate or inactivate transcription factors that further regulate gene expression. Many of the yeast intracellular signaling cascades have similar...
02:33Seed Structure and Early Development of the Sporophyte
Seed structures are composed of a protective seed coat surrounding a plant embryo, and a food store for the developing embryo. The embryo contains the precursor tissues for leaves, stem, and roots. The endosperm and cotyledons—seed leaves—act as the food reserves for the growing embryo.
02:42Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
01:20Endospores and Sporulation
Endospores are specialized, dormant cells primarily formed by Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus and Clostridium, enabling survival under extreme environmental conditions. Due to their unique composition and formation process, these structures are highly resistant to physical and chemical insults, such as extreme heat, ultraviolet and ionizing radiation, desiccation, and toxic chemicals. Rare instances of endospore-like structures have also been observed in some Gram-negative bacteria,...
01:28Transcription in Prokaryotes
Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow box)...
01:17Gene Regulation During Sporulation
Sporulation is a complex developmental process that allows certain Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium species, to survive extreme environmental conditions. This process is tightly regulated by a series of signaling cascades and transcriptional controls, ensuring the formation of a highly resistant endospore.Sporulation is triggered by unfavorable conditions, such as nutrient depletion, and is governed by a phosphorelay system. One of the sensor kinases, such as...