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Vestibulo-ocular pathways modulate extraocular muscle myosin expression patterns.

J K Brueckner1, L P Ashby, J R Prichard

  • 1Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky, Chandler Medical Center, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY 40536-0084, USA.

Cell and Tissue Research
|February 18, 1999
PubMed
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Vestibular input shapes extraocular muscle (EOM) development. Disrupting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) in juvenile rats altered EOM myosin expression, but not in adults, indicating a critical developmental period.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Extraocular muscle (EOM) phenotype is influenced by genetic and epigenetic factors, but these are not well understood.
  • The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes eye position and is crucial for visual system function.
  • Vestibular cues may play a role in EOM maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of vestibular input in shaping EOM maturation.
  • To assess how altering the VOR affects EOM development and myosin expression.

Main Methods:

  • Used the ototoxic compound 3',3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) to eliminate VOR receptor hair cells in juvenile and adult rats.
  • Analyzed EOM myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression via mRNA levels and fiber type analysis after a 2-week survival period.

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Main Results:

  • IDPN administration in juvenile rats increased developmental and fast MyHC isoforms and decreased EOM-specific MyHC mRNA.
  • IDPN treatment in adult rats only affected developmental MyHC isoforms, with no change in EOM-specific MyHC mRNA.
  • These findings suggest VOR modulates EOM-specific MyHC expression during development.

Conclusions:

  • The VOR plays a significant role in modulating EOM-specific MyHC expression during development.
  • There appears to be a critical developmental window where vestibular activity alterations have lasting effects on EOMs.
  • Adult EOMs show resilience to changes in vestibular input compared to developing muscles.